HR- Grievance and disciplinary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR-Grievance and disciplinary - Essay Example The two cases show the image of what can occur in the genuine agreement end. There can be clashes among the two gatherings which can possibly cost a huge number of pounds to the business in spite of his endeavors to forestall any breakdown in relationship with the laborers and ensuring that mental stability encompasses the work environment and workplace. The best practice in representative end is to give a worker appropriate alerts and remuneration on his excusal. Air Bus has properly given the admonition to Mr. Jones on his sitting around idly on work. He rehashed his offense and one can say that Airbus was reasonable excusing Mr. Jones. In any case, on the flipside of it there was no notice of any remuneration paid to Mr. Jones. It has become a significant standard for enormous businesses like Airbus to pay around three month’s pay rates to its workers if there should be an occurrence of an excusal. This would assist the active laborer with sustaining his family for the period for which he stays jobless. In any case, there was no such notice of this sort of remuneration installment on account of Airbus and subsequently Mr. Jones can guarantee this pay from the code. In spite of the fact that the law just requests a bump sump installment, yet the business for the most part pays around three month’s compensation and tha t ought to be paid to Mr. Jones. It was directly with respect to Airbus to excuse Mr. Jones after he was given second admonition for sitting around on work. Despite the fact that Mr. Jones demanded that the principal cautioning has lapsed and henceforth Airbus Ltd can't fire him. The law then again would support this terminating on the grounds that it was the second time Mr. Jones has committed a similar error and Airbus was on the whole correct to punish him. Subsequently, the main commitment on Airbus is to follow the market’s best practice and ought to repay Mr. Jones for his administrations to the firm. The subsequent case informs us regarding a stressed connection between the Chief Executive and Board of

Police Racial Profiling in America Essay Example

Police: Racial Profiling in America Essay POLICE: RACIAL PROFILING IN AMERICA Naomi D. Hopkins Stevens-Henager College APP 101 9 February 2013 Abstract This paper will examine the connection among Fear and how it identifies with Racial Profiling in Police Practices. We will likewise talk about and show genuine models under which Racial Profiling has happened and how it is deductively characterized. The correspondence between harmony officials and conventional regular residents will likewise be inspected. Police: Racial Profiling in America The issue of Racial Profiling in America by our Police Force is a verifiable truth and catastrophe. Steve Holbert and Lisa Rose in their book the shade of Guilt Innocence relate an account of a Caucasian lady who is compelled to walk alone with her young little girl down dim new San Francisco lanes around evening time in obscurity. We’ll call this lady Lisa. She had simply left a train vehicle with her young girl and was strolling down the dull lanes uncertain of her environmental factors when she saw that a more abnormal man, whose highlights she couldn’t make out, was following her and her little girl. Lisa had heard and seen reports about a youngster in his mid-20s that was dull complected and had been burglarizing visitors. She felt her body fix as she started breathing quickly and she had enlivened her pace pulling her little girl along without acknowledging it, until her girl began pulling her the other way since she had dropped her sweets stick that she had gotten from the link vehicle representative prior that night. After her involvement with the city, she started to address whether the silly dread of beasts invoked in the psyche of a multi year old was so not quite the same as the â€Å"monsters in the closet† we see as grown-ups, the main contrast being that the â€Å"monsters† we see as grown-ups have a face and the face is of the individuals who are extraordinary or those whose skin shading is darker than our own. (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). This makes one wonder, â€Å"Did she dread this man since it was evening and she couldn’t see him and was unc ertain of her environmental factors? We will compose a custom article test on Police: Racial Profiling in America explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Police: Racial Profiling in America explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Police: Racial Profiling in America explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Or on the other hand was it on the grounds that the man following her helped her to remember that minority man who had been on the news who was burglarizing visitors? This infers another statement I found while composing this paper: â€Å"Rather, racial profiling is increasingly about our human reaction to an instinctual and crude dread covered somewhere down in every last one of us. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004) Regarding the matter of Fear and Racism, I’m prompted another statement in the book utilized basically for my examination regarding this matter as it identifies with American Law Enforcement rehearses. At the point when we consider the idea of dread in the solace of a homeroom, practically all would concur that to fear an individual due to skin shading, strict association, or appearance is nonsensical. In the phobic sense, this dread is xenophobia, the dread or potentially contempt of outsiders or anything that is remote. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). I wo uld even venture to such an extreme as to state that hatred before examination is in itself, a structure or dread and narrow mindedness. How might we judge a circumstance, not to mention an individual, precisely without the real factors? Do we accept we are Gods or Goddesses that are qualified to pass judgment on our kindred men or ladies? Assuming this is the case, what makes us so unique, or might I venture to state, â€Å"Superior† to another? I am helped to remember my own sentiments, when as a little youngster; I settled on the choice to state that â€Å"all white individuals are bigot. † This announcement all by itself is truth be told, a structure or racial profiling. That is, I was passing judgment on a specific race of individuals, for this situation, whites and expecting that I had accumulated enough data to do as such. This carries me to another statement out of my exploration, â€Å"To comprehend the complexities of bias, prejudice, and racial profiling, we should initially investigate the root of dread and see how it can direct the manner by which our body reacts to outside improvements some time before we become deliberately mindful of the racial ramifications. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). Truth be told, the word â€Å"fear† originates from the early English word for â€Å"danger. † When we, as individuals, experience dread our minds react to apparent risk by utilizing three particular frameworks. The first is called Primal or Primitive dread framework, and is found in many creatures and vertebrates. This framework reacts first by making the body aware of any peril. This response is programmed and triggers our â€Å"fight or flight† reaction. The second is activated by the â€Å"fight or flight† reaction and is the mind’s Rational or sensible dread framework. â€Å"This framework takes over with an end goal to survey the potential risk and gauges choices for endurance or departure. † (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). This framework viably designs prospects we have to consider to get away from a quick or future danger. The third framework is known as a person’s Consciousness or Awareness, and goes about as a middle person between Primal Fear and Rational Thought. This framework will find some kind of harmony between the mind’s feeling and reason and will turn into a definitive leader in the whole procedure. Presently, let’s look at some history on racial profiling that is very fascinating. This idea carries me to another statement I pulled out of this book I used to inquire about this point/â€Å"Start with a smart thought. Test it altogether, and use it with care. Put it in the hands of the individuals who don’t have the experience and preparing to apply it appropriately. Include a little separation and weight, and turn up the warmth for a long time. What do you get? Racial Profiling. (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004). â€Å"In a nutshell, this is the narrative of Howard Teten, a previous FBI Chief of research in the late 1950s who numerous criminologists credit with advancing the idea of â€Å"criminal profiling. † A man who experienced the best of the two universes, Mr. Teten contemplated brain science at the University of California at Berkeley while working wrongdoing scenes in San Leandro, California. Thinking back to the 1950s, cops regularly searched for pieces of information at a wrongdoing scene to attempt to attach the wrongdoing to a specific suspect. Teten made this idea one stride further by taking a gander at the way in which the criminal carried out the wrongdoing so as to build up a mental profile. This profile at last helped officials recognize a criminal’s character attributes and mental state and prompted an arrangement of potential speculates who could have carried out the wrongdoing. † (Holbert S; Rose, L 2004). This very technique, which is called â€Å"criminal profiling†, has been broadly misshaped, particularly with regards to the United States â€Å"War on Drugs. For instance, it is accepted that if an individual, especially an individual having a place with a minority gathering (that isn't white or Caucasian), is seen wearing gold adornments that is huge in size, a â€Å"corn roll† hairdo, loose garments, and maybe gold teeth, Law Enforcement Officials consequently expect that this individual is a â€Å"drug courier,† or a person that sneaks medications or cash into or out of the nation. It tends to be said that a person’s appearance, gems, and travel propensities can be utilized as a reason for distinguishing and arraigning those engaged with the â€Å"drug exchange. The final product of these biased mentalities is that these â€Å"profiles† don't exhibit â€Å"good science† or offer reasonable ways to deal with profitable Law Enforcement methods. Presently, let’s inspect the opposite side of the coin, in a manner of speaking as it identifies with essential race relations. At the point when we as a whole think about a cop, we as a whole have this cliché see that they are extreme, scaring, and haughty. In reality, cops have taken in their very conduct and character attributes from the overall population. A great many people, when reached by a cop, become disturbed, threate ning, domineering, and even aggressive. Along these lines, thus, officials have figured out how to desensitize or become â€Å"numb† to their feelings and emotions. It wouldn’t be a long ways to state that they have figured out how to carry on as â€Å"not human† just so they can overcome their day without agonizing over what they stated, was it impolite, set in stone, what the repercussions may be, etc. So it is precise to state that the overall population ourselves, have added to the perspectives and practices of our own Police Force in America. What we don’t catch wind of or acknowledge as a rule is that when an official goes on the job, the person in question faces any number of various factors. For instance, having a weapon pulled on them, being assaulted, being shot, abducted, being hijacked, and any number of different things that would undermine or imperil their lives either mortally or lethally. I will represent a case of what should be publicized when recruiting cops: WANTED: LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS: Must be a social specialist, middle person, a contender, a cleric. Must be canny to the criminal component yet have a perfect criminal foundation. Up-and-comers ought to be caring yet removed. Scaring yet delicate. Forceful yet consistently in charge. Day by day danger of death. Low Pay. Must be eager to work the entire hours of the day and night in dangerous and extraordinary conditions. The Faint of Heart need not make a difference. (Holbert, S; Rose, L 2004) WANTED: LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS: Must be a social laborer, middle person, a warrior, a cleric. Must be canny to the cri

Biking in Boston

Biking in Boston Summer hath come to Boston, as demonstrated by the fact that bitter cold has been replaced by stifling heat and humidity, with the two week interim comfort of spring gone all too quickly. I, however, love summer, for thats when I break out my bicycle. an actual photo of me with my bicycle (wikimedia)I began commuting by bike when I was in college, taking the Norwottuck Rail Trail from my house in Belchertown to school in Amherst or to see my girlfriend in Northampton. At the time, it seemed like a nice way to get outside, get some exercise, and get to places, but I never thought Id become committed to it. But though I hadnt ridden regularly since I was 10 or so, and my mountain bike was far too small and rusty to boot, I quickly fell in love with biking as a means of transportation. Once I moved to Boston I went to Wheelworks the best bike shop in the greater Boston area by far and picked up a nice, simple commuting bike. It set me back a few hundred dollars, but I like to think of that as just a few car payments, plus the health benefits accrued by exercise each morning. Ever since, Ive been biking to work every day that it is reasonably safe to do so, meaning any day during which the rain hasnt rain flooded the banks of the Charles (along which I bike) or which it isnt so cold that I could slip up on hidden snow or ice. Commuting via bicycle has several benefits, especially in a city like Boston. For one thing, its great exercise: I bike about 8 miles each way, which gives me about 35-40 minutes of a workout in the morning and afternoon. I arrive at work feeling refreshed and without the jumpiness associated with too little exercise. Its a timesaver, too, since my morning workout is wrapped up within my morning commute. Biking is also usually faster than any other form of transportation. The route to MIT from where I live in the suburbs has poor access to public transit and the roads are clogged worse than Elvis arteries. During rush hour, door-to-door via car is usually around 45 minutes; via bus, more like 60. Unless I hit all the wrong lights or get a flat, I can speed past all of them on my bike. Needless to say, its also greener assuming the increased calorie intake is offset and much, much less expensive. And as long as I shower at the Z Center before heading in to work, Im not even stinkier! Now, I know what you might be thinking: biking in a city? Why is this deeply psychotic and apparently suicidal man reading my college applications? Theres a smart way to bike, and a dumb way to bike. I bike very carefully, and almost entirely along bike trails that are off-the-road and devoted to cyclists. There are great regional bike maps not to mention Google Maps Biking layer that can tell you which roads are safe, which roads are unsafe, and the varying degrees in between. I always recommend driving (or walking, or busing) a route before bicycling it, because sometimes routes can be deceptive. For example, Massachusetts Avenue, which bisects the MIT campus, ostensibly has bicycle lanes on either side down its entire length; however, the placement of these lanes, sandwiched as they are between the main road and the side parking, makes them somewhat less safe than biking on the shoulder On the other hand, much of Vassar St (another road which bisects campus) has off-the-road bike paths newly installed in the last few years. If youre not a policy wonk, you may have missed Transportation Secretary Ray Lahoods new policy, which states that walking and biking should not be an afterthought in roadway design and will require states and municipalities competing for federal highway funds to include equal access for pedestrians and bicyclists. Translation: when roads get fixed in the future, they will be required to add safe, accessible bike lanes to facilitate commuting. So biking will only get better! I also love the bicycling culture. The bike shops in the area especially Wheelworks are all staffed by incredible people who are always happy to show you how to fix something or just hang out. The rear rack on my bike broke the other day, and I went down to Wheelworks and hung out for 45 minutes, borrowing tools and little bolts and getting my hands greasy on their shop floor. There are also some incredible opportunities for social improvement / justice through bicycling. You can get involved with Bikes Not Bombs, a nonprofit in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston of that works with disadvantaged youth in violent areas, both locally and internationally. BNB runs a bike shop and teaches kids how to fix bikes so they have something constructive to do rather than getting in to trouble. In the last 25 years theyve sent over 25,000 bikes to Ghana, Tanzania, Guatamala, New Orleans, and elsewhere. If youre on the West Coast, you may have heard of the Scraper Bike movement in Oakland. If you havent, you have to watch this short, wonderful documentary. If it doesnt change your life, it will at least change the way you think of bikes. In order to become a member of the Original Scraper Bike Team, you must: Be a resident of Oakland, CA. Be at least 7y/o or older. Retain A 3.0 Grade Point Average (GPA), Create your own Scraper Bike…(It Has To Be Amazing, Or Else You Can’t Ride.) A single-file line when riding. After 10 rides The Scraper Bike King and his Captains will decide if your bike is up to standards and if you can follow simple guidelines. After your evaluation we will consider you a member and honor you with an Original Scraper Bike Team Shirt. Only worn when Mobbin’ Stay posted to our website for all upcoming Scraper Bike Rides The Scraper Bike King Bikes can change health, commutes, communities, and the world for the better. Come ride with us!

The Great Gatsby A Marxist Approach - 1398 Words

The Great Gatsby, originally written with the intention to portray its foremost character’s life throughout the 1920s, is F. Scott Fitzgerald’s award-winning novel exploring the American dream through the main character, Jay Gatsby. Gatsby, along with additional characters, appears as though he is pursing the American dream throughout the story. While many consider The Great Gatsby simply the narrative of a gentleman chasing the American dream, Fitzgerald utilizes a Marxist approach to discuss the dangers associated with capitalism. Originally, the discrepancy between the affluent class and the destitute class becomes evident in the contrast between countless cities, primarily East Egg and West Egg. When Nick Carraway relocates to the East coast, he â€Å"lived at West Egg, the- less fashionable of the two, though this is a most superficial tag to express the bizarre and not a little sinister contrast between them† (5). Nick establishes a clear contrast between E ast Egg and West Egg; from the beginning, Fitzgerald establishes a distinction between the â€Å"old money† and the â€Å"new money†. Fitzgerald portrays the members of West Egg, the â€Å"new money†, as pompous and careless while spending their money; in contrast, he portrays the members of East Egg, the â€Å"old money†, as responsible and capable of handling their money. Fitzgerald utilizes the contrast between these two cities to explore the diversity of the two leading social classes. Additionally, introducing the Valley of AshesShow MoreRelatedA Marxist Critical Approach to Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Essay example1597 Words   |  7 Pagesconsciousness of men that determines their existence but their social existence that determines their consciousness†. By stating this, Marx sheds light into the workings of ‘The Great Gatsby’ thus showing that the social circumstances in which the characters find themselves define them , and that these circumstances consist of core Marxist principles a Capitalistic society. These principles being ‘commodity fetishism’ and ‘reification’ are useful aids in interpreting and understanding the core themes thatRead MoreIn The Great Gatsby, a novel written and set during the post-World War II society of the 1920’s,600 Words   |  3 PagesIn The Great Gatsby, a novel written and set during the post-World War II society of the 1920’s, author F. Scott Fitzgerald illustrates what life was like for those thriving to reach the American dream. Economic prosperity appeared open to all and the dream of leading a rich life was within arm’s reach for many. While the Roaring 20’s appear to have been a time of social and economic prosperity, a Marxist interpretation of the time and novel may suggest the opposite. Marxism, or the Marxist approachRead MoreMarxist Criticism Of The Great Gatsby1588 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Lit erature 14 April 2015 Marxist Criticism of The Great Gatsby Society has evolved to the point where money is the biggest factor in our lives. People spend an incredible amount of time at their workplace for that miniscule pay raise. Money also plays a role in our relationships with the people around us, seen in the fact that people of similar economic status tend to congregate. This desire to gain more money causes conflict, mainly between people who have a great deal of money, and the peopleRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Character Analysis1458 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott’s Fitzgerald’s 1925 novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, features the affluent, upper-class characters of Jay Gatsby, Daisy and Tom Buchanan, Jordan Baker, and the lead, Nick Carraway, and follows them throughout their New York lives in the summer of 1922. Nick is presumably so tolerant and willing to be around these people even when he discovers major character flaws because of their similarity with social placement. As this novel took place in the midst of the â€Å"roaring twenties†, which was filledRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2082 Words   |  9 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby reflects the 19th century ideals of political theorist Karl Marx and his predicted clashing of the wealthy poor. Using Marxist literary theory we see that Fitzgerald powerfully condemns this class-based oppression. Gyorgy Lukacs in Reification and The Consciousness of the Proletariat states â€Å"our intention here is to base ourselves on Marx’s economic analyses and to proceed from there to a discussion of the problems growing out of the fetish character ofRead MoreThe American Dream1823 Words   |  8 Pagesdream†. The American Dream is the â€Å"ideology that states that if people work really hard and are determined to achieve their financial goals, they will attain financial success† (Tyson). The Marxist belief that the American Dream is a restrained belief system is widely evident in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. The means by which some people pursue this dream ultimately results in the destruction of the dream itself. This is explored through the narcissist attitudes of the individuals who are livingRead MoreExploring The Destruction Of True Love2134 Words   |  9 Pageslove in a capitalist society: A Marxist Approach to â€Å"The Great Gatsby† Love can be defined as honesty, trust and respect; it occurs when two people touch each other s soul. Every series, every story and every movie speaks about how two people fall in love and live happily ever after. All stories come to that same conclusion but what happens when two people don’t belong to the same social class. The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a story about Jay Gatsby, a man who is part of the workingRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller2091 Words   |  9 Pagesprosperity through hard work. Both in Arthur Miller s Death of a Salesman and F Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the American Dream is a strong theme throughout, as ultimately the protagonists in the novel and play fail to achieve their dream. As a result, the reader is forced to consider whether the American Dream is an unattainable concept or if it is due to personal interpretation. The Great Gatsby written in 1925 and Death of a Salesman 1949, gives a slightly different p erspective being post WW1Read MoreFeminist/Marxist Analysis of the Hunger Games Essay examples4753 Words   |  20 Pagesher bread when her family was starving† (Wikipedia 1). There are strong literary themes throughout this work that readily lend themselves to various forms of critique. This paper will focus on two main genres of literary criticism. The first is Marxist criticism, for which there is plenty of material that reveals the novel’s explicitly anti-imperialist agenda. There is a strong oppression of the poor by the rich, and socioeconomic subjugation is responsible for the huge disparity between the â€Å"haves†Read MoreTracing Theoretical Approaches to Crime and Social Control: from Functionalism to Postmodernism16559 Words   |  67 Pages.. 26 CAPITALISM AND MARXIST THEORY .......................................................................... 26-41 Conflict Criminology theory: Karl Marx ................................................................... 29 Critical Criminology .................................................................................................. 31 Critical Criminology: Richard Quinney ..................................................................... 33 Neo-Marxist Critical theory: The Frankfurt

The Story of Vlad the Impalers Life - 575 Words

Are you a fan of Vampires or Dracula? I am so I did some research on them, that, and I was told to. My essay is over the very first vampire Vlad Dracula or more commonly today Vlad the Impaler. Yes this is going to take a while so hold tight. Vlad was born in Transylvania a very long time ago. He was a prince of Wallachia for many, many years. He was well known for what he did to the enemy during the battles he fought in. Vlad was a highly feared person. He was the over taker of many lands, and villages. Vlad Dracula was a dastardly man who in this seriously long essay I will explain everything I have the knowledge of. Let’s Begin. Vlad Dracula was born to Vlad Dracul and his mother was a beautiful young Moldavian princess, her name was lost in history. He was born in the year 1431 in the country of Sighisoara, Transylvania. He was born a prince for his father was from a family of princes in Wallachia (Goldberg Itzkowitz pg. 18), and of course his mother being a princess helped. His name Dracula means â€Å"little dragon, or little devil†. His father was a knight of Emperor Sigismund. Vlad lived near the front line of defense for this reason alone. When Vlad was about either 12 or 13 he and his brother Radu were traded to the Turks by their father as hostages as to keep the treaty of peace between the two countries from ever being broken. While they were hostages the Turks taught them science and mathematics, and by the end of the four years they were

THEORY OF JOB ENRICHMENT/JOB DESIGN - 800 Words

THEORY OF JOB ENRICHMENT/JOB DESIGN Goal setting is about linking tasks to performance and it is used to establish and present counsel to employees on how much efforts are demanded and what work need to be done. In the HIS case work reflects the goals of the department. At the lowest point, which is the employee level, a job is set as task, duties, assignments and duties for a stratum of employees. The overall work would be constituted by the total aggregation of all department jobs. The role of the leaders will be to examine departments alignment in order to achieve organizational goals. Four different levels being engineering, restructuring, work redesign and job redesign are used to align organizational goals. Health information†¦show more content†¦HIS Departments came up with new tasks of receiving, reviewing, coordinating, and tracking responses and appeals to queries and denials of Recovery Audit Contractors. OUTCOME OF JOB ENRICHMENT Over time, these changes caused by events and pace modify a departments work and jobs, this modification was almost imperceptible to health information leaders, particularly as they were caught up in immediate and pressing tasks, the end result was an alteration of work and jobs to the point of distortion, fragmentation, and overload. In the face of these misalignments, it was the responsibility of management to reorganize work and restructure jobs to for maximum effectiveness and efficiency. Managers and directors of HIS Departments would routinely and periodically assess work and jobs to align them to the current processes and record them as indicators. These indicators fall into three types: sector changes, organizational changes, and employees perceptions. IMPACT OF JOB ENRICHMENT ON MOTIVATION AND COMMUNICATION Changes occur on an ongoing basis because of socioeconomic issues, cultural transformations, new technologies, fresh or revised ordinances, and new or revised accreditation or certification criteria. One technological change at the sector level was the changeover from a newspaper-based environment in health care to an electronic environment. This alteration hasShow MoreRelatedTeacher Motivation6898 Words   |  28 Pagesmotivation and its impact on student achievement. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to identify how mathematics teachers perceived the effects of teacher motivation on student achievement on the states Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT), job satisfaction influence on teacher motivation, and FCAT accountability influence on teacher motivation. The motivational theories of Herzberg, Vroom, and McClelland served as the conceptual framework.Ten mathematics teachers were interviewed. All relevantRead MoreTraditional African Family19679 Words   |  79 Pag eshandout 1 simply click on it to take you to the appropriate handout.  © 2004, HarperCollinsPublishers Limited SOCIOLOGY THEMES AND PERSPECTIVES – Lesson Plans 1 Sociology Themes and Perspectives I n t r o d u c t i o n S O C I O L O G I C A L P E R S P E C T I V E S / Te a c h e r s ’ n o t e s INTRODUCTION Sociological perspectives Lesson 1 Sociological perspectives: glossary handout 1 Aim: Skills: Ti m e : Resources: Reading: to create a glossary of definitions for the Introduction: SociologicalRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 PagesSTUDIES A summary of the case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industryRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesthe use of crossfunctional work teams, and significantly increasing training. To ease employee and managerial anxieties about the changes, GE Fanuc promised that no employees would lose their jobs. Managers and supervisors affected by the elimination of levels were offered promotions, transfers to other jobs in GE Fanuc, or early retirement buyouts. Additionally, employees were promised profit sharing, which has re sulted in up to three weeks additional pay in profit sharing bonuses in some years.Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group BehaviorRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagescoverage, coverage of the de- 9 pendents of such employee. 10 (7) AFFILIATED GROUPS.—Any employer which 11 is part of a group of employers who are treated as 12 a single employer under subsection (b), (c), (m), or 13 (o) of section 414 of the Internal Revenue Code of 14 1986 shall be treated, for purposes of this subtitle, 15 as a single employer. (8) 17 PLANS.—The 18 (as defined in section 773(a) of the Employee Re- 19 tirement Income

Balance Between Security and Privacy - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Balance Between Security and Privacy. Answer: Introduction Cybersecurity has always been a contentious issue owing to the nature of its operational environment management i.e. the internet. In essence, the internet was originally designed to be a seamless platform having extended accessibility and user freedom. However, the same defining factors limit its effectiveness today as intruders or malicious individuals use these factors to compromise systems which have led to the ethical dilemmas and issues seen today. Moreover, the political climate exhibited today where different states and countries hold different priorities in cybersecurity makes it difficult to enforce the critical laws of safeguarding user information(Liew, 2016). In addition to this, a multitude of operational factors are attributed to the problems seen in cyber systems where peoples security, privacy and even intellectual property is regularly lost. Now, this report analyses the ethical issues in cybersecurity based on the four classical ethical theories. According to an article written by Liew Jason, the biggest ethical dilemma facing cybersecurity is the balance between information privacy and security. In essence, the users of the internet demand freedom and liberty based on their existing rights of communication as well as information. However, the same rights are exploited by intruders to carry out attacks on innocent civilians which today has even extended beyond the digital world to include physical attack such as those of terrorism. Furthermore, there have been many incidences of cyber intrusion where businesses management, governments and even non-profit institutions have been hacked affecting their overall credibility(Liew, 2016). Classical ethical theories Utilitarianism the internet by all accounts was met to expand the mind and operational environment of the human species. This objective led to its original design which is facilitated by a borderless and extensive network. Again, based on this account the utilitarian principles are fully maximized where the general good of the people is at the helm of operations, boosting business outcomes, communication and even socialization. However, with the emergence of cybercrime, the unethical stature of the users emerge where the same structure promote harm and not happiness, a key component of utility principles(Driver, 2014). Remember, as an ethical theory, utilitarianism advocates for the general good of the people where the actions imposed should promote the overall happiness of the majority. This outcome raises a serious ethical issue on the cyber security features put in place where again, the users liberty and freedom is short-lived to safeguard them. In fact, the ethical issues at hand, stand as dilemmas as governments must weigh two critical moral components; privacy and security. On one hand, promoting utmost security will mean accessing users confidential information to evaluate their actions hence mitigate malicious individuals. On the other hand, extended freedom will result in extensive attacks, which places the utilitarian principles under a constant conflict as a dynamic balance is needed(Gandjour, 2007). Deontology In his article, Liew highlights the countless attacks conducted by cybercriminals where medical records, governments defence institutions and even adultery websites are breached. These attacks signal the duties (or lack of duties) by the perpetrators as well as the security agencies. In essence, these parties should hold several ethical/moral duties to the society at large. For one, they should exercise prohibitory duties where their moral code should stop them from executing the attacks. However, even more, critical are the duties held by the security agencies who should safeguard the users of the internet. Now, based on deontological principles, these individuals hold a promise to protect the users of the internet and their resources management. However, the same promise should be limited and controlled by their ethical standards(Misselbrook, 2013). Therefore, the security parameters imposed should not be an exercise to intrude on users privacy where extensive surveillance and online monitoring is imposed. Again, this outcome raises the concerns of distinguishing between the rights of privacy and security, elements that are always in constant conflict in the cyber world(Alexander, 2016). Virtue forgetting the duties, actions and consequences of cybersecurity, one has to consider the character of the people involved in the cyber-environment. The ethical issues at hand (privacy and security) are generally determined by the stakeholders of the digital environment where governments and security agencies should impose the right measure without depriving other related factors. What does this mean? The security protocols put in place should balance the need for security with that of freedom and privacy. In fact, the security personnel involved (either government officials or private contractors), should not extend their legal or ethical reach beyond their mandated procedures. Therefore, a need to gather intelligence must not be used as an excuse to access users private information. This outlook is the defining factor of virtue ethics where the character and attributes of the people involved are based on the virtue principles i.e. courage, honesty, justice and temperance am ong many others(Sakellariouv, 2015). Contract recent statistics outline the devastation caused by cyber-crime and terrorism, where more than 39 percent of business institutions have been attacked through their cyber systems. However, the same companies still hold ignorant stands on the need for cybersecurity, lacking the necessary security features(Liew, 2016). Now, as worldwide agencies of the internet, these organizations management hold a social responsibility to protect the assets they use. Furthermore, this responsibility should be based on the contractual obligation to protect the society and not documented legislation. The same contractual obligation should also be held by the governing bodies i.e. the governments who through the principles of social contract should exercise equality by managing the issues at hand. Moreover, the individual using the internet must also hold the same responsibility where adequate security features are implemented and supported(Gaus, 2017). Conclusion The problems outlined above are a consequence of the nature of cyber security which to date is still a new concept, lacking the necessary definitions and parameters to enforce its functionalities. Furthermore, the different security policies and legislation used by countries across the globe make it difficult to implement the features of cybersecurity. However, away from these challenges, cybersecurity has also to contend with the need for information security and privacy where both elements are continuously conflicting with each other. Now, while legislation may help mitigate the ethical problems at hand, the virtues and character of the people involved will need to change. In essence, the solution lies in the cultural change of cyber systems users where internet proponents will need to conduct their online affairs while adhering to proper ethical/moral codes. References Alexander, L. (2016). Deontological Ethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Retrieved 22 September, 2017, from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-deontological/. Driver, J. (2014). The History of Utilitarianism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Retrieved 22 September, 2017, from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/. Gandjour, A. (2007). Is it rational to pursue utilitarianism? University of Cologne, Retrieved 22 September, 2017, from: https://www.ethical-perspectives.be/viewpic.php?TABLE=EPID=1060. Gaus, G. (2017). Contemporary Approaches to the Social Contract. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Retrieved 22 September, 2017, from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/contractarianism-contemporary/. Liew, J. (2016). Cyber Security: The Balance Between Security And Privacy. Legal News Analysis - Asia Pacific - Regulatory Compliance, Retrieved 22 September, 2017, from: https://www.conventuslaw.com/report/cyber-security-the-balance-between-security-and/. Misselbrook, D. (2013). Duty, Kant, and Deontology. NCBI, Retrieved 22 September, 2017, from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609464/. Sakellariouv, A. (2015). Virtue Ethics and its Potential as the Leading Moral Theory. Student pulse journal quest, Retrieved 22 September, 2017, from: https://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1385/virtue-ethics-and-moral-theory.

A Separate Peace Final Essay

A Separate Peace Final Essay A Separate Peace Final Essay A Separate Peace John Knowles Genre – Fiction and Tragedy Adolescent Relationships Antagonist & Protagonist In the story A Separate Peace I believe that Gene is the protagonist and Brinker is his antagonist. This is because Brinker tells Gene that his failure to enlist comes from pity for Finny. He also says that Gene should put the accident in the past by seeing all the details come to light. Brinker hints darkly that Gene knows what he means. Meaning Brinker is starting to figure out the truth about what really happened at the tree. Gene sees Brinker as a threat , because he knows that the truth is finally slipping out in Devon. Although, I also believe that Phineas is the protagonist and Gene as his antagonist. In a Separate Peace, Gene was the one who was on the tree with Finny when he jounced the limb just before Finny fell and broke his leg. Gene was in fact the main problem to Finny and his death, Finny could no longer able to compete and train in the Olympics and play sports as good as he was able to. The trail in the Assembly Room in the First Building would have never have taken place leading up to Finny getting upset and storming out the building breaking his leg as he fell of the marble stairs causing his death. Finny knows none of this would have ever have happened if Gene never jounced the limb on the tree. Character Traits In A Separate Peace , Gene is portrayed as an intelligent student and a thinker, who considers a situation from all sides before making an actual decision. Gene is also a person who strictly conforms to rules and regulations; he always obeys his teachers, studies hard, never misses a class, and makes good grades. Gene has great work ethic and is very hard working. Although he does not really enjoy sports, for he is not a good athlete. Finny, who has a completely opposite personality from Gene, always acts spontaneously and on blind impulse, never thinking about the rules or the consequences. He is also a poor student, for he does not devote himself to his studies and he does not follow the rules. Finny would rather be playing sports, since he is the best athlete on campus. Although Brinker Hadley is extremely smooth with his words and carefully dressed, Brinker strives to impress people and, when he can, exercise control over them. Brinker is very conservative and he in fact tries to be on top with his academics. Brinker is rather strange he makes long-running jokes with rather sinister undertones, seems very independent and determined, and seems like he's his own person. He is the one who starts enlistment fever on campus, and then stops it dead by chickening out since Gene won't go with him. He's a bit of a paradoxical character, and a kind of foil to the rebellious, free-spirited like Finny. Emotions From the beginning of A Separate Peace, when Gene jounces the limb and causes Finny to fall and shatter his leg , I was in complete awe and angry. I asked how can Gene his best friend and his own roommate , do this to him. I believed that Gene was completely loyal to Finny , and he would never turn evil and back stab Finny like that. Gene didn’t just only break Finnys leg , he destroyed everything Finny lived for. My emotions were extremely high at this moment and from that point on I didn’t see Gene the same. Gene might have cried and was truly sorry but from that point on I believe I saw the true colors of Gene. People all the time become jealous and envy one another. But to push a man out of a tree and purposely cause harm isn’t normal or heathy in his or her state of mind. During the story when Gene visits Finny at his house to tell him the truth about the accident , I could almost feel the guilt down my own throat , I felt sorry for Gene. Although I did fe el impressed that Gene matured and acted like a man by going down to Boston to apologize and tell the truth to Finny. Lastly my feelings toward the

Examples of Z-score Calculations

Examples of Z-score Calculations One type of problem that is typical in an introductory statistics course is to find the z-score for some value of a normally distributed variable. After providing the rationale for this, we will see several examples of performing this type of calculation. Reason for Z-scores There are an infinite number of normal distributions. There is a single standard normal distribution. The goal of calculating a z - score is to relate a particular normal distribution to the standard normal distribution. The standard normal distribution has been well-studied, and there are tables that provide areas underneath the curve, which we can then use for applications. Due to this universal use of the standard normal distribution, it becomes a worthwhile endeavor to standardize a normal variable. All that this z-score means is the number of standard deviations that we are away from the mean of our distribution. Formula The formula that we will use is as follows: z (x - ÃŽ ¼)/ ÏÆ' The description of each part of the formula is: x is the value of our variableÃŽ ¼ is the value of our population mean.ÏÆ'Â  is the value of the population standard deviation.z is the z-score. Â   Examples Now we will consider several examples that illustrate the use of the z-score formula. Suppose that we know about a population of a particular breed of cats having weights that are normally distributed. Furthermore, suppose we know that the mean of the distribution is 10 pounds and the standard deviation is 2 pounds. Consider the following questions: What is the z-score for 13 pounds?What is the z-score for 6 pounds?How many pounds corresponds to a z-score of 1.25? Â   For the first question, we simply plug x 13 into our z-score formula. The result is: (13 – 10)/2 1.5 This means that 13 is one and a half standard deviations above the mean. The second question is similar. Simply plug x 6 into our formula. The result for this is: (6 – 10)/2 -2 The interpretation of this is that 6 is two standard deviations below the mean. For the last question, we now know our z -score. For this problem we plug z 1.25 into the formula and use algebra to solve for x: 1.25 (x – 10)/2 Multiply both sides by 2: 2.5 (x – 10) Add 10 to both sides: 12.5 x And so we see that 12.5 pounds corresponds to a z-score of 1.25.

The ideas and practices associated with marketing emerged in response Essay

The ideas and practices associated with marketing emerged in response to the challenges posed by mass production, and these idea - Essay Example In addition, the adoption of marketing strategies in the face of increasing competition is discussed. The evolution of marketing On the advent of the factory, new products began to emerge while old products appeared in strikingly new forms. With the flooding of the market with uniformly mass produced products that were virtually indistinguishable from one another, branding was introduced to differentiate the products. Competitive branding evolved to compensate for the product similarity, thereby, achieving image based difference. Essentially, advertising changed from delivering product news to developing an image around a branded version of a product. Design theorists assert that logos were introduced to evoke familiarity in an effort to address the new and unsettling similarity of packaged goods. Brand names replaced small shop keepers as the interface between the consumer and the product (Klein, 2001, p.12). In recent years, marketing has gone into an overdrive with increasing numb ers of ads and aggressive new formulas for reaching customers. The astronomical growth rate of the advertising industry is well reflected by the 1998 projection which set the total ad spending at $196.5 billion while the global estimate was $435 billion. This figure outpaces the growth of the global economy by a third. This trend is attributed to the firmly held belief that brands need to continuously and constantly increase advertising in response to increased competition. According to the law of diminishing returns, as more firms increase their ads firms are under increasing pressure to aggressively market their brands (Arvisdsson, 2006, p.178). As a result of the competition, marketers invented more strategies to attract customers. This caused marketers to introduce more clever and intrusive selling techniques. For instance, Calvin Klein stuck CK Be perfume strips on the back of Ticketmaster concert envelopes to attract customers to the CK Be brand. Proponents of branding claim t hat markets where producers compete based only on price, promotions and trade deals are susceptible to product duplication leading to decreased profits. Some companies have over time integrated their respective brands in the fabric of their companies. Such companies mould a corporate culture around the brand. Everything within such organizations is an ad for the brand; this includes branding employees with such tags as partners, superstar CEOs and design consistencies (Brownlie, et al, 1999, p.379). New media has revolutionised the interaction between consumers and organizations characterized by a shift in power where consumers have more influence on the product. The rise of consumer generated content has turned consumers into content producers. Consumers now possess greater control over what is provided in corporate communications. The shifts in power have not only changed consumer expectations but also have changed purchasing decisions (Bob, 2005, p.285). There is extensive eviden ce of a decline in traditional media usage among advertisers. In response to changes in technology, marketers are shifting expenditure to new media options. New media has transformed many aspects of brand marketing such as segmentation and targeting through positioning, distribution and customer relation management (Bob, 2005, p.285). Marketing strategies Marketing strategies evolved as a result of the need by marketers to deal

Date Rape and Date Rape Drugs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Date Rape and Date Rape Drugs - Assignment Example The UCR was introducedin 1929. This Part I or Crime Index offenses include vicious murder, non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery and aggravated assault. Included in the index crime offenses are property crimes, which include burglary, arson and motor theft. Part II offences include sexual offenses (excluding rape), vandalism and offenses against the family. The UCR statistic on rape collects information on the number of female victims involved in forcible rape incidences ((Doerner & Lab, 2012). The NCVS, an abbreviation for National Crime Victimization Survey, is a surveywhich interviews victims of crime about their experiences. The NCVS was introduced in the 1960s to complement the UCR. NVCS surveys gather crime specific information such as when and where the crime happened, the weapon used and victim-offender relationship. NVCS covers 7 counts of crime in two categories namely personal crimes and household crimes. Personal crimes include rape, sexual assault, robbery and aggravated assault.The NVCS statistics on rape covers both male and female victims (Doerner & Lab, 2012). The UCR greatest strength is that it is easily available as it is a primary source of crime estimates. The UCR statistics report is a summary of all reported cases of crimeto law enforcement agencies. The UCR captures a lot of information on index crimes, both in terms of arrest and reports. Secondly, the UCR introduces a common metric for measuring crime in the US states. The FBI division of crime as personal and property offenses does not apply to states statutes and codes. The UCR offers a uniform measure for the 50 US states. Lastly, the UCR is continuous as new crimes are collected all the time through law enforcement offices, unlike the NVCS which requires support systems. However, the UCR has serious shortcomings. First of all, it only accounts for police reported crimes. This is a major setback as there

The Development Of Strong Sense Of Self Esteem

The Development Of Strong Sense Of Self Esteem Introduction The development of a strong sense of self-esteem during childhood is important since children are to withstand the family stresses, school pressures, and temptations in societies. It is also a general belief of many professionals, including researchers, educations and parents, high self-esteem in children is linked to better academic achievement and more success in life (Leary, Schreindorfer, Haupt, 1995), conversely, low self-esteem is linked to poor school performance and deviant social behaviours (Daane, 2003). This paper is to discuss whether schools should put resources for boosting self-esteem of their students so as to improve students school performance/achievements. Self Esteem and School Performance Self-esteem is a complex concept. Burns, Dunn, Brady, Starr, and Blosser (2000) explained this term as the basic developmental milestone of all children which is paramount in basic personality development. The simple definition for self-esteem is how much value that people place on themselves. Self-esteem is difficult to have an accurate or exact definition. Thus various explanations/definitions of self-esteem are listed in the figure below cited by Malbi and Reasoner (2000). Figure 1: Some Definitions of Self-Esteem Cited (Malbi Reasoner, 2000) The interpretation of self-esteem can be generalised as the extent to which an individual believes himself or herself to be competent and worthy of living. Humphrey (2004) identified the three constructs of sense of self which are self-concept, ideal-self, and self-esteem. He explained that self-esteem is an evaluation of personal worth based on the difference between ones ideal-self and ones self-concept. Lawrence (2000) mentioned that self-esteem construct is recognised today to be a major factor in learning outcomes. With reference to the various definitions of self-esteem, people with high self-esteem possess the characteristics of having higher aspiration and better global evaluation of oneself. They should be more willing to persist in dealing with initial failure and to have no sense of hopeless when recognising of their initial incapability. Furthermore they should have confidence when facing problems and get satisfaction easily from progress and success. According to Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, and Vohs (2003), however, self-esteem can refer to an inflated, arrogant, grandiose, unwarranted sense of conceited superiority over others. Low self-esteem refers as an unfavourable or relatively unfavourable definition of self when using some common self-esteem scores. Therefore, low self-esteem can be further defined as either an accurate and well-founded understanding of a persons shortcomings or a distorted, pathological sense of insecurity and inferiority (Baumeister et al., 2003). Learning refers to acquire information and skills that one does not initially have. Effective learning can be revealed by proper measurement of school performance of students such as commonly use of GPA and achievement scores/grades. Researches have consistently shown positive correlations between how people value themselves (self-esteem), and the level of their academic achievements (school performance). Those who have higher self-esteem with confidence, generally achieve more in schools, while those who lack confidence with lower self-esteem achieve academically less. No one would argue that the majority of students in band 3 schools of Hong Kong are likely to have relatively low self-esteem as a result of feeling inadequate over not being able to read, write or spell like most others studying in the schools at the upper bands although their relatively low self-esteem may be a result of other experiences beginning in childhood (Lawrence, 2000) or problematic distribution of self-es teem scores. Furthermore, many educators and administrators believe that one of possible sources of self-esteem may be academic achievement. Good academic results could enhance a students sense of worthiness and competence (Naderi, Abdullah, Aizan, Sharir, Kumar, 2009). It is found in a research that self-esteem and academic achievement seem to be most highly related between the years of about seven to fifteen (Malbi Reasoner, 2000). However, the enthusiastic claims of the self-esteem movement are not sustainable in view of some selected researches to be discussed in the following section. In fact the effects of self-esteem on academic achievement are small, limited, and not all good. A Myth of Self-Esteem In 1986, the Californian government funded a task force annually with the huge amount of money to boost the self esteem of her citizens aiming at the reduction of some social problems, such as unwanted pregnancy and school failure, as well as subsequently the contribution of the taxpayers. Disappointingly, the literature review done by this task force shown low associations between self-esteem and its presumed consequences (Smelser, 1989). Albert Ellis, a reputable clinical psychologist, claimed that self-esteem was the greatest know to man or woman because it was conditional so that people would be in more favourable conditions if they stopped trying to force themselves to believe they are worthy. Self-esteem movements are a distinctive feature of individualist cultures in western countries like the US but the same concerns are rare in collective cultures like Japan. That indicates that self-esteem is not a universal human motive but rather an artefact. The effect of self-esteem on a childs school performance can be examined in two aspects: the correlation and the causal relationship between self-esteem and school performance. Positive but Weak Correlation Many researchers investigated the correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement in recent years. However, only some of them, like Maruyama, Rubin, and Kingsbury (1981), found that high self-esteem facilitates academic achievement. Self-esteem is multidimensional, which can refer as either academic self-esteem, physical appearance self-esteem or global self-esteem. Many researches in which showed positive correlation were generally used global self-esteem instead of academic self-esteem for their measurements that reduced the confidence of their outcomes and results. Pullmann and Allik (2008) found that only a limited correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement. Indeed they identified in their studies that low general self-esteem did not necessarily signal a poor academic achievement. By contrast, their research results showed that low, but not high as the general belief, self-esteem is a significant predictor of good school performance. In addition, Naderi et al. (2009) found in their studies done in Iran that self-esteem is not significantly related to academic achievement and they concluded that self-esteem and academic achievement might be confounders to each other. According to the research findings from Marsh and OMara (2008), prior self-esteem has only small positive effect on subsequent academic achievement. From the studies of Hansford Hattie (1982) with more than 200,000 participants also showed that a significant positive but weak correlation with average r between +.21 and +.26. In addition, r ranged from .10 to .03 of which reflected very weak correlation was found in the research on standard achievement tests done by Davies and Brember (1999). Similarly, research of students most recent semester grades in Maths and English by Bowles (1999) showed very weak correlation of r=.29. Kugle, Clements, and Powell (1983) conducted a similar research using scores on a reading achievement test as school performance which gave the result of r=.18 indicating very weak correlation. Another research by Simon and Simon (1975) proved the correlation between self-esteem and scores on achievement tests/IQ test scores was weak with r=.33 although it was significant. Zimmerman, Copeland, Shope, and Dielman (1997) asked students for general ratings of their grades in the studies. They concluded that high self-esteem could lead to better school grade but the correlation was very weak. Rubin, Dorle, Sandidge (1977) concluded for their research on measuring achievement and teachers rating of students behaviour and performance that practical significance between self-esteem and academic achievement is negligible. All in all, a number of researches support that self-esteem and school performance shows positive correlation but the relationship is weak and ambiguous. High-esteem and good school performance go together in many circumstances but there is no indication of causal conclusion whether self-esteem is a cause or a result of school performance. Positive but Bi-directional Causal Relationship It is interested to understand on whether self-esteem causes educational success or the other way round. In addition many researchers investigated the effectiveness of using self-esteem intervention program in schools on escalating the self-esteem of students so as to improve their academic performance. Could there be other variables responsible for the correlation between self-esteem and school performance as proved in many researches? Bachman and OMalley (1977) found that no significant causal influence between self-esteem and achievement in the high school context with the examination of longitudinal data by utilizing a priori model relating self-esteem and academic achievement of young males. Another study by Maruyama et al. (1981) also showed no significant relationship existed between self-esteem and school achievement. They revealed that self-esteem and academic achievement were not causally related to each other. In the study of about 1,900 boys who were at 10th-grade and 12th-grade (Rosenberg, Schooler, Schoenbach, 1989), the researchers only found modest causal relationship leading from school grades to self-esteem and, not surprisingly, extremely weak causal relationship leading from self-esteem to educational attainments. Thus they concluded that there was no solid evidence to support that self-esteem affected school results, instead self-esteem seemed to be the result of good school performance. Furthe r in the study conducted in Norway by Skaalvik and Hagtvet (1990), they found that doing well in school on year led to higher self-esteem the next year for the 600 samples of Norwegian students in two cohorts. They concluded that the self-concept of ability mediated the relation between global self-esteem and school performance. In addition they identified that there was no strong causal relation between self-esteem and school performance. Bachman and OMalley (1986) conducted a longitudinal study on more than 1,600 students at 10th-grade with the conclusion that there was no obvious causal relation between self-esteem and educational attainment. They also found that self-esteem was a result from good school performance, rather than a cause and the global self-esteem had a negligible relationship to eventual educational attainment. In addition they found that third variables like family background or ability were responsible for the relationship between self-esteem and school performance, though it was a very weak correlation. Regarding the effect of self-esteem intervention program on school performance, the research by Scheirer and Kraut (1979), in which it aimed at boosting self-esteem and hence improving study skills, revealed that no association between self-concept change and educational attainment. This view is also supported by Forsyth and Kerr (1999) in their field experiment of self-esteem intervention for college students. They found that boosting self-esteem could have negative impact on students academic achievement. Thus the findings of this experiment support that high self-esteem leads to low academic performance. Based on the above evidences, positive causal relationship between self-esteem and school performance exists but it seems to be a bi-directional one. It is also important to note that other varaibles, such as family, ability and socioeconomic status, are also responsible for the correlations between self-esteem and academic achievements. Conclusion According to the findings of Dalgas-Pelish (2006), it might be beneficial to offer self-esteem enhancement education, which could be incorporated into curriculum in schools, to children to improve their feelings about themselves. Then a child who is exposed to self-esteem enhancement programs may be better equipped to face decisions that are usually made in schools and homes. However the risk is that boosting self-esteem may lead to inflated self-esteem, i.e. students may overestimate themselves. Inflated self-esteem may also increase the risk of violence and self-defeating behaviours in schools. In accordance with most of the researches, it is certain that there are some benefits of high self-esteem on school performance but this is only minimal and most of the time the effects are difficult to notice. Even in some researches indicate that childrens academic achievements could be worse off due to their high self-esteem. It is evident that self-esteem makes little difference in school performance and it is not wise and not justify for putting a lot of scarce educational resources, in particular in Hong Kong, by boosting self-esteem of children in schools and then looking for unrealistic hope for having significant improvements in students academic achievements. However, this does not mean that educators do not need to put effort on boosting their students self-esteem since this is important for them to bounce back after failure, in particular academic failure, and try again. In general, high self-esteem can make students feel good so that their school performance could be reinforced by other third variables, such as self-control, which are responsible for the correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement.

Vaccine Testing :: essays research papers

HIV Vaccine Testing in Africa   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United Nations estimates that 5.8 million people per year become infected with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ninety percent of these infections occur in sub- Saharan Africa, where infected persons do not have access to antiviral therapy. Approximately 2.4 million Africans died of AIDS in 2002, and 3.5 million occurred in the region. Where in the United States $12,000-$15,000 is usually spent on treating an HIV-infected person per year, only $6 is spent annually per person in Uganda.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The only method presently available to prevent the spread of HIV in less-developed countries is counseling against the behaviors that increase the risk of infection. It’s obvious that a vaccine would be more beneficial to these countries. There are several HIV vaccines in various stages of development that need to be tested to see their effectiveness. It seems reasonable to carry out such trials in less-developed countries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since 1984, when HIV was identified as the cause of AIDS, the development of a HIV vaccine has been a goal for the science world. Researchers have many different strategies that may lead to an effective HIV vaccine. Scientists take small parts of the HIV virus and change them in a laboratory to create synthetic copies. The experimental vaccines do not use whole or live HIV. The vaccines cannot cause HIV or AIDS. The vaccines being tested should produce either antibodies or cytotoxic T cells to fight the infection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several types of experimental HIV vaccines. A peptide vaccine is made of tiny pieces of proteins from the HIV virus. The recombinant subunit protein vaccine is made of bigger pieces of proteins from the HIV virus. Examples of a recombinant subunit protein are gp120, gp140, or gp160 produced by genetic engineering. The DNA vaccine uses copies of a small number of HIV genes which are inserted into pieces of DNA called plasmids. The HIV genes will produce proteins very similar to the ones from real HIV. A live vector vaccine is made of HIV genes that have been taken out of the virus and altered. The genes are inserted into another vector, which carries them into the body’s cells. The genes in turn produce proteins that are normally found on the surface of the HIV virus. This type of vaccine most resembles the HIV virus but isn’t harmful. Many vaccines that are used today, like the smallpox vaccine, use this method. A vaccine combination uses a ny two vaccines, one after another, to create a stronger immune response. Vaccine Testing :: essays research papers HIV Vaccine Testing in Africa   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United Nations estimates that 5.8 million people per year become infected with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ninety percent of these infections occur in sub- Saharan Africa, where infected persons do not have access to antiviral therapy. Approximately 2.4 million Africans died of AIDS in 2002, and 3.5 million occurred in the region. Where in the United States $12,000-$15,000 is usually spent on treating an HIV-infected person per year, only $6 is spent annually per person in Uganda.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The only method presently available to prevent the spread of HIV in less-developed countries is counseling against the behaviors that increase the risk of infection. It’s obvious that a vaccine would be more beneficial to these countries. There are several HIV vaccines in various stages of development that need to be tested to see their effectiveness. It seems reasonable to carry out such trials in less-developed countries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since 1984, when HIV was identified as the cause of AIDS, the development of a HIV vaccine has been a goal for the science world. Researchers have many different strategies that may lead to an effective HIV vaccine. Scientists take small parts of the HIV virus and change them in a laboratory to create synthetic copies. The experimental vaccines do not use whole or live HIV. The vaccines cannot cause HIV or AIDS. The vaccines being tested should produce either antibodies or cytotoxic T cells to fight the infection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several types of experimental HIV vaccines. A peptide vaccine is made of tiny pieces of proteins from the HIV virus. The recombinant subunit protein vaccine is made of bigger pieces of proteins from the HIV virus. Examples of a recombinant subunit protein are gp120, gp140, or gp160 produced by genetic engineering. The DNA vaccine uses copies of a small number of HIV genes which are inserted into pieces of DNA called plasmids. The HIV genes will produce proteins very similar to the ones from real HIV. A live vector vaccine is made of HIV genes that have been taken out of the virus and altered. The genes are inserted into another vector, which carries them into the body’s cells. The genes in turn produce proteins that are normally found on the surface of the HIV virus. This type of vaccine most resembles the HIV virus but isn’t harmful. Many vaccines that are used today, like the smallpox vaccine, use this method. A vaccine combination uses a ny two vaccines, one after another, to create a stronger immune response.

The advantages and disadvantages of encouraging more migrants into the United Kingdom

There are many negative points about migrants coming into our country, but there are just as many positive points. But how many migrants are too much, and how can we say stop to migrants when they are the foundation of today's society? Different groups around the world have been migrating into England since the early Iron Age. The first settlers to arrive in England were during the expansion of the Proto-Celtic movement, in about 500 BC. Then between 300 and 500 AD, the great migration movement started; England was bombarded with new settlers from all around Europe. There were the Angles and Saxons from modern Germany: the estimated total number of Germanic settlers varies between 10,000-200,000. There were also many Scandinavians tribes migrated into England between the late 8th century into the early 11th century, like the Vikings and the Varangians. As you can see migrants are the foundation of today's society, all of our ancestors were originally from somewhere else. So why is it a problem for migrants to be coming into our country in this century? The problem is that England being a small country can't physical cope with the demand for more living space. England already has a high birth rate and increased numbers of older people are living longer. So how can we cope with the non-stop flow of migrants coming into our country? From about 1991 to 2001 the population increased rapidly due to migrants coming into the country and starting families. More than one in 10 now living in the UK is foreign born, and one in 3 people living in London was also foreign born. About 8.2% of the English population was born in a different country but have been living in England. â€Å"letting the UK population spiral out of control, as the Government has done in recent years, will make Britain increasingly vulnerable to resource problems as the 21st century unfolds and is a recipe for future insecurity.† OPT, Optimum Population Trust If we don't act now against population rise, England could face the same problems as India and China. Will England be forced into sterilizing a vast number of women and men? â€Å"The UK's population is also forecast to grow by 40 per cent over the next seven decades, from 61 million today to over 85 million by 2081† Office for National Statistics The rise in migrants and asylum seekers has lead parts of the UK to major impact problems; one being the need for more housing. Many of the migrants and asylum seekers that come into the country don't have anywhere to live; because they are the government main concern to house as quickly as possible, they are on priority list to get council house. â€Å"Foreign migrants are being favoured over UK citizens when it comes to social housing, around 11% of new migrants have been allocated social housing.† First online This means that many British people waiting a house won't be given one as quickly as a non-born resident. Another problem with the high amount of migrants and mainly asylum seekers is that they are being given benefits. Asylum seekers are not allowed to work until they have been granted a place to stay in England as a Refugee. This has caused elevated rises in many asylum seekers not working, 3 out 10 are not working. As the rise migrants workers come into the country, there are fewer places for British born people to find work. Most public service jobs have been taking by the migrants and most health services have hired workers from other countries. â€Å"The hotels and shops in my remote Scottish community are filled with workers from the EU, now there are no jobs for the local young people, so most of them on into close towns or cities.† Geva Blanette BBC news talk night Another factor which is a disadvantage of migrants is the increase of malaria, HIV and TB. Many British born children are immune from malaria, HIV and TB, and England didn't fear these 3 killing diseases as much as other countries. But as the amount of migrants and asylum seekers increase, the amount of cases of these disease increases. Facts show that, 70% of individuals diagnosed with HIV, TB and malaria in England, Wales and Northern Ireland were non-UK born. Most of the migrants infected with these diseases are from devolving counties, 45% of non-UK born tuberculosis cases originated from South Asia and 39% from sub-Saharan Africa. Could the government being doing more to try and stop this rise of 3 killer diseases. The facts are that England just doesn't have room to accommodate all these migrants and provide them all with a job and we don't need to be burdened with an outburst of diseases. Migrants are coming into our country and bringing new foods, new materials and more workers. We should encourage these new ethnic ideas and ways of living. These foreign workers are happy to do the jobs which English workers aren't happy to do; they also tend work harder for the same money. â€Å"Migrants work harder, earn more and pay more tax than Britons!† Home Office So if we do send these migrants home who will do the jobs that were happy to do? Whole sectors of the economy and many public services have become highly dependent on migrant labour, and would collapse overnight if those workers were no longer available One major industry that relies greatly on migrants is the health sector, 30% are doctors and well over 10% of nurses. In education, overseas teachers play an important role in staffing schools, and a growing number of London education authorities are recruiting staff directly from abroad. The rapid increase in demand for workers in the IT industry means that over 50,000 people have been recruited. â€Å"It also suggested that the work ethic of the new arrivals was also having a positive impact on British workers† the independent Migrant workers contributed à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6 billion to the country's economic growth last year and earned, on average, higher wages than the British workers. â€Å"High levels of skills – higher on average than the UK natives and that employ migrants found them to be harder workers and reliable â€Å". Home Office Migrants are becoming part of the foundation of our society they are the strawberry pickers, the dentists, the doctors, the nurse's, carers, taxi drivers, cleaners, bus drivers, waiters and train drivers. We need them to help us make a better life. There has been much discussion in the media on the idea that migrants may have a big effect on employment and befits for British-born workers, but there is little evidence little on effect employment or befits. â€Å"The overwhelming majority of empirical studies agree that there is essentially no statistically significant effect of immigration on labour market outcomes† Glover The population rose by 189,000, due to the high number of migrants and also people leaving the country. This steady increase over the last decade has shown that the UK can't cope with the massive growth. But the government figures show that migration has given the UK a life line to an economy suffering from lack of skills and struggling to support growing bills. I personally feel that we should allow people from different countries and races to work in The UK; I feel that the UK can befit greatly by the mixed culture and races. The need for migrant workers is shown by many facts and I believe that they can make a huge difference for our economy. But I also feel that the government should be doing more to stop un-wanted people coming into our country who are not prepared to work. The government should have stricter laws and rules on who should be allowed into the UK.

Essay Eating Disorders in Adolescents - 1302 Words

Eating Disorders in Adolescents The eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are complex psychosomatic illnesses. Underlying biological diatheses related to the regulation of mood, hunger, satiety, weight control, and metabolism, combined with psychological and sociocultural vulnerabilities, place an individual at risk for developing an eating disorder (Kaplan and Garfinkel, 1993). The American Anorexia Nervosa Association defines anorexia as a ‘serious illness of deliberate self-starvation with profound psychiatric and physical components.’ It is a complex emotional disorder that initiates its victims on a course of unsettled dieting in pursuit of excessive thinness (Neuman and Halvorson, 1983).†¦show more content†¦The primary symptom of anorexia nervosa is severe weight loss. While this is one of the major criteria for making the diagnosis, it is believed the 25 percent reduction to be misleading (Neuman, 1983). It is often incorrectly assumed that anorexics were previously obese. While the disorder is often preceded by ‘normal’ dieting, only one-third of anorexics have been overweight and most of these only mildly so. Two-thirds have never been overweight, although they may have been the targets of comments regarding their physical development (Neuman, 1983). Anorexia is often preceded by a stressful life situation. This may range from a family conflict or major changes such as a change in schools, a family move, the loss of a boyfriend or girlfriend, or an illness. Change, in general, seems to be particularly stressful for anorexic individuals. The childhood history of those who develop anorexia typically reveals a ‘model child.’ Many anorexics describe themselves as ‘people pleasers.’ As children, they are often described by parents and teachers as introverted, conscientious, and well behaved. They tend to be perfectionists and compulsive, and thus, overachievers (Neuman, 1983). Depressive, obsessiona l, hysterical, and phobic features are also common with anorexia. Bulimia, also known in the media as ‘bulimarexia,’ ‘binge-vomiting’ and gorge-purging,’ is an eating disorder similar to chemical dependency (Cauwels,Show MoreRelatedEating Disorders in Adolescents1223 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders in Adolescents Eating Disorders in Adolescents Introduction Eating disorder in adolescents is a source of grave alarm. An effective definition of eating disorders, as they are evident in school surroundings, describes victim of eating disorder as being extensively anxious and conscious about food, weight, and body shape. This results in being engaged in strange eating behaviors (Gowers Bryant-Waugh, 2004). This paper seeks to investigate the effects of eating disorders on adolescentsRead MoreEating Disorders in Adolescents1468 Words   |  6 PagesEating is a basic survival behavior. 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Eating disorders typically develop during adolescenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Disorders Among Adolescents1847 Words   |  8 Pagesthe past two decades, the percentage of adolescents who are overweight has almost tripled, from 5 to 14 % (Neumark-Sztainer, Story, Hannan, Stat, Rex, 2003). For many, this is an alarming statistic. Studies concerning eating disorders are showing more and more frequency in younger age groups and especially in those who are athletes, diabetics, and obese adolescents (Martin Golden, 2014). Many studies have shed some light on the issue of eating disorders by conducting surveys and developing newRead MoreDepression And Eating Disorders Among Adolescents1819 Words   |  8 PagesDepression and Eating Disorders in Adolescents There are a lot of resources to get food if it is needed by an adolescent such as the school lunch programs, but when they are depressed, eating is a new challenge and adolescent nutritional status is affected by their mental health and depression. Parents and peers are not always aware of what is going on to the adolescent and the depressed adolescent rate can decrease starting with them. When I was a senior in high school, I had fallen in a deep depressionRead MoreEating Disorders Are Affecting Adolescents With Increasing Frequency967 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are complex illnesses that are affecting adolescents with increasing frequency [1]. 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